| Teaching Staff
|
Dr.Öğr.Üyesi Muhittin ŞAHİN |
| Language of Instruction |
Türkçe (Turkish) |
| Type Of Course |
Elective |
| Prerequisites |
- |
| Recommended Optional Programme Component |
- |
| Course Objectives |
This course helps to train students who know the general concepts of the history of science, can discuss the effects of scientific developments on philosophical thought, and understand the social, political and economic factors underlying these developments in order to contribute the knowledge and skills necessary for the education and training processes of today's conditions. |
| Course Content |
Historical development in the history of science. What is philosophy? Information theories. Modern sciences and philosophy. Philosophy of science. Philosophical problems of modern sciences. |
| Learning Outcomes (LO) |
Those who have taken and successfully completed this course are expected to gain the following:
1. Recognize the basic and decisive features of science.
2. Evaluate the historical and philosophical development of science.
3. Will be able to explain the establishment and development of modern science.
4. Can distinguish between natural sciences and social sciences.
5. Will be able to identify various social science and social science methods in the historical process in cause-effect relationships.
|
| Mode of Delivery |
Face to face |
| Course Outline |
| Week |
Topics |
| 1. Week |
Introduction to the course |
| 2. Week |
1. Philosophy,
2. Science
- The origins of science,
- the main periods of scientific progress,
- scientific method |
| 3. Week |
1. Science in early civilizations
- Mesopotamia, Egypt, China
2. Science in Ancient Greece |
| 4. Week |
1. Science in Medieval Europe
- Patristic period and Scholastic period
- the monastic movement
- Franciscan and Dominican orders
- Goliards and vagrant intellectuals
2. Science in the Islamic world and in the Turks
- Gazzali's attitude towards philosophy and later developments
- Mathematics, astronomy, physics, medicine |
| 5. Week |
1. The exit from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the first scientists
- The three main sources of renaissance and change: gunpowder, compass, printing press.
- Astronomy in the Renaissance: Peurbach, Regiomantanus, Copernicus, Rheticus
- Medicine and biology in the Renaissance: Vessalius, Fallapio, Fabricus, Harvey
2. The state of science in the Ottoman Empire
- The situation of the observatory in Istanbul dated 1577 and Takiyüddin
- Evliya Çelebi's participation in a brain surgery in Vienna and perception differences |
| 6. Week |
Science and philosophy in the Enlightenment
- Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler
- First scientists: William Gilbert and Galileo Galilei |
| 7. Week |
Science and philosophy in the Enlightenment
- The process leading to the modern mechanical universe narrative
- René Descartes and Isaac Newton
Classification of sciences |
| 8. Week |
Midterm Examination |
| 9. Week |
Science and scientism (scientism)
- Method in science: From rational deductive to experimental inductive method
- Superiority of Francis Bacon's inductive method over Aristotelian method |
| 10. Week |
Science and scientism (scientism)
- Empiricism in science and its features
- Positivism as the reflection of empiricism to social sciences |
| 11. Week |
Criticisms of empiricism and positivism: ideology, ethics-religion relations, science and paradigms
- Criticism of classical positivism and the logical positivism of the Vienna circle
- Popper and the falsification principle versus the verification principle of logical positivism |
| 12. Week |
Criticisms of empiricism and positivism: ideology, ethics-religion relations, science and paradigms
- Subject and method differences between natural sciences and social sciences, Dilthey.
- From the mechanical universe narrative to the probabilistic and multidimensional causalistic nature and society narrative.
- Verstehen, hermeneutic, phenomenological method
- Explanation forms in science wars |
| 13. Week |
Science critiques and evolution to post-positivism
- Frankfurt school
- Post-structuralism and post-modernism
- A stance against method and the possibility of a methodless science: Paul Feyerabend |
| 14. Week |
Questions & Answers |
|
| Assessment |
| |
Percentage(%) |
| Mid-term (%) |
40 |
| Quizes (%) |
- |
| Homeworks/Term papers (%) |
- |
| Practice (%) |
- |
| Labs (%) |
- |
| Projects/Field Work (%) |
- |
| Seminars/Workshops (%) |
- |
| Final (%) |
60 |
| Other (%) |
- |
| Total(%) |
100 |
|
| Course Book (s) and/or References |
There is not a single book, but a large number of books aimed at achieving the aim of this course; however, due to the complex nature of science, a synthesis of various sources is made by the lecturer of the course, taking into account the background of the student. Some of the resources that students can do on-demand reading include:
1. Anlı, Ö.F. (2016). Bilim savaşları: modern bilim imgesinin dönüşümü. Ankara: Phoneix Yayınevi.
2. Benton, T. ve Craib, I. (2008). Sosyal Bilim Felsefesi: toplumsal düşüncenin felsefi temelleri. (Ü. Tatlıcan ve B. Binay, Çev.). Sentez Yay.
3. Capra, F. (2018). Batı Düşüncesinde Dönüm Noktası. (M. Armağan, Çev.). İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları.
4. Gribbin, J. (2014). Bilim tarihi. (B.Gönülşen, Çev.). İstanbul: Alfa Bilim Yayınları.
5. Özlem, D. (2016). Bilim Felsefesi. İstanbul: Notos Kitap Yayınevi.
6. Russ, J. (2019). Avrupa düşüncesinin serüveni: antikçağlardan günümüze batı düşüncesi. (Ö.Doğan, Çev.). Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
7. Sheffer-Mossensoh, M. (2019). Osmanlı’da bilim: kültürel yaratı ve bilgi alışverişi. (K.Oğuz, Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
8. Wootton, D. (2019). Bilimin icadı: bilim devriminin yeni bir tarihi. (N.Elhuseyni, Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
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| Work Placement(s) |
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| The Relationship between Program Qualifications (PQ) and Course Learning Outcomes (LO) |
Course Learning Outcomes | Program Qualifications | PQ1 | PQ2 | PQ3 | PQ4 | PQ5 | PQ6 | PQ7 | PQ8 | PQ9 | PQ10 | PQ11 | PQ12 | LO1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | LO2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | LO3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | LO4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | LO5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
|